Så kan användaren knäcka koden

LINK | SOURCE

ONLY AMIGA MAKES IT POSSIBLE :-)

Commodore smart phones

LINK TO BLOG POSTS | WITH SOURCES (OR REFERENCES)

Superkamera, fri lagring och inbyggd AI. Googles nya Pixeltelefon har mycket godis som passar på konsumentmarknaden. Men hur fungerar den på företagen?

Igår presenterade Google till sist sina två "första" egna mobiler Pixel och Pixel XL.

Mobilen kommer med Google Assistant inbyggt, synkning med alla operativsystem och stort fokus på foto och byggd för virtual reality-funktioner.

Google Assistant är samma program för artificiell intelligens, som lär sig medan det används, som också finns inbyggt i Googles nya meddelandeapp Allo. Google Assistant kan användas för att starta en textbaserad konversationer, hitta specifika foton i bildbiblioteket, sätta på en speciell låt, hitta till rätt ställe och så vidare – allt röststyrt.

Kamerafunktionen har Google lagt extra krut på, själva påstår de att Pixel har den bästa mobilkameran. Upplösningen ligger på 12,3 megapixel och med hjälp av avancerade algoritmer ska den lyckas extra bra med att ta bilder trots dåligt ljus. Ett snabbkalibrerat gyroskop förbättrar videostabiliseringen och dessutom har kameran en riktigt snabb slutare.

Pixelanvändarna får också fri tillgång till lagring i molnet av bilder och video med full upplösning.

På bara en kvart kan mobilen få sju timmars laddning enligt Google. Operativsystemet är Android 7.1 Nougat och mobilen finns i två versioner – Pixel på 5 tum och Pixel XL på 5,5 tum.

Prislappen ligger på 649 dollar, runt 5 500 kronor, men den går ännu inte att förhandsbeställa i Sverige.

Hittills riktar sig Google mot konsumentmarknaden men frågan är hur Pixel står sig som jobbtelefon?

Vår systersajt PC World har tittat närmare på fem områden som kan vara nyckeln till om den lyckas ta klivet in i företagen.

Hur klarar Google Assistant att interagera med företagets mjukvara för hantering av mobiler? 

Att Google Assistant, det AI-program som också finns i den nya meddelandeappen Allo, är inbyggt i mobilen – ja, det är kanske det som skiljer ut Pixeltelefonerna mest ifrån andra mobiler.

Genom att lära sig dina användarvanor ju mer du använder den ska den skapa en mer personlig upplevelse. Den kan hjälpa till att boka middagar, få tag på en taxi och förstås också göra sökningar – allt genom att du talar med den.

En mängd integrationer från partner är knutna till Google Assistant för att den ska lyckas få fram information från olika tjänster. Ibland behöver användaren inte ens ha den app som används installerad.

Frågan är hur det här fungerar i en företagsmiljö där it-avdelningen kan ha starka åsikter kring vilka tjänster som ska användas i affärssyfte? Google säger ingenting om det ännu.

På en hjälpsida för Google Now, föregångaren till Google Assistant, står det att den kopplas bort automatiskt om den används med ett betalt Google Cloud-konto. It-administratörerna kan ge tillgång till Google Now men det är inte klart hur mycket kontroll de får över alla funktioner och integrationer som användarna har tillgång till.

Planerar Google att sälja Pixelmobiler till företag över huvud taget?

När Microsoft släppte sin hybriddator Surface Pro 3 riktade man in sig mot konsumentmarknaden. Men det ändrades raskt till ett företagsfokus i stället. Och där fortsätter Microsoft på den inslagna vägen.

Pixelmobilen verkar väl lämpad att ta samma väg, konstaterar PC World, inte minst för att Google fortsätter att utöka sin affär mot företag.

Exempelvis arbetar de på att få ut produktivitetsverktygen för företag som finns i G Suite och att kombinera det med att sälja Pixelmobiler skulle vara logiskt. Men Google har inte sagt något om vilka planer den har för Pixel på företagssidan.

Hur fungerar Pixels nya automatiska uppdateringar i en företagsmiljö?

Pixelmobilen har en automatiskt uppdateringsfunktion där uppdateringarna sker i bakgrunden och sedan installeras när användaren sätter på sin mobil nästa gång. På så sätt ska den hållas mer aktuell och säker än andra Androidmobiler.

Men frågan är hur mycket en it-avdelning kan ha koll på de automatiska uppdateringarna. Idag tillåter Google företag som använder mjukvara för att hantera sina mobila enheter att kontrollera när uppdateringar installeras.

Även om det inte är otroligt att samma sak skulle erbjudas när det gäller Pixelmobilerna så har Google inte lämnat något besked om hur det skulle fungera med den nya uppdateringsfunktionen.

LINK | SOURCE

PowerPC or PPC

PowerPC (a acronym for Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a RISC instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM. PowerPC, as an evolving instruction set, has since 2006 been named Power ISA, while the old name naturally lives on, as a legacy trademark for some implementations of Power Architecture based processors, and in software package identifiers.
Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular as embedded and high-performance processors. PowerPC was the cornerstone of AIM's PReP and Common Hardware Reference Platform initiatives in the 1990s and while the architecture is well known for being used by Apple's Power Macintosh, PowerBook, iMac, iBook, and Xserve lines from 1994 to 2006 (before Apple's transition to Intel), its use in video game consoles and embedded applications provided an array of uses. In addition, PowerPC CPUs are still used in AmigaOne and third party AmigaOS 4 personal computers.
PowerPC is largely based on IBM's earlier POWER instruction set architecture, and retains a high level of compatibility with it; the architectures have remained close enough that the same programs and operating systems will run on both if some care is taken in preparation; newer chips in the POWER series implement the full PowerPC instruction set.

Contents

 [hide] 

• 1 History
  • 1.1 Apple and Motorola involvement
  • 1.2 Operating systems
  • 1.3 Breakup of AIM
  • 1.4 Generations
• 2 Design features
  • 2.1 Endian modes
• 3 Implementations
• 4 Operating systems
  • 4.1 Operating systems with native support
  • 4.2 Embedded
• 5 Licensees
  • 5.1 32-bit PowerPC
  • 5.2 64-bit PowerPC
  • 5.3 Gaming consoles
  • 5.4 Desktop computers
  • 5.5 Embedded applications
• 6 See also
• 7 References
• 8 Notes
• 9 External links

History[edit]

The history of RISC began with IBM's 801 research project, on which John Cocke was the lead developer, where he developed the concepts of RISC in 1975–78. 801-based microprocessors were used in a number of IBM embedded products, eventually becoming the 16-register ROMP processor used in the IBM RT. The RT was a rapid design implementing the RISC architecture. Between the years of 1982–1984 IBM started a project to build the fastest microprocessor on the market; this new 64-bit architecture became referred to as the America Project throughout its development cycle which lasted for approximately 5–6 years. The result was the POWER instruction set architecture, introduced with the RISC System/6000 in early 1990.
The original POWER microprocessor, one of the first superscalar RISC implementations, was a high performance, multi-chip design. IBM soon realized that a single-chip microprocessor was needed in order to scale its RS/6000 line from lower-end to high-end machines. Work on a one-chip POWER microprocessor, designated the RSC (RISC Single Chip) began. In early 1991, IBM realized its design could potentially become a high-volume microprocessor used across the industry.

Apple and Motorola involvement[edit]

IBM approached Apple with the goal of collaborating on the development of a family of single-chip microprocessors based on the POWER architecture. Soon after, Apple, being one of Motorola's largest customers of desktop-class microprocessors,^[1] asked Motorola to join the discussions due to their long relationship, its more extensive experience with manufacturing high-volume microprocessors than IBM, and to form a second source for the microprocessors. This three-way collaboration became known as AIM alliance, for Apple, IBM, Motorola.
In 1991, the PowerPC was just one facet of a larger alliance among these three companies. At the time, most of the personal computer industry was shipping systems based on the Intel 80386 and 80486 chips, which had a CISC architecture, and development of the Pentium processor was well underway. The PowerPC chip was one of several joint ventures involving the three, in their efforts to counter the growing Microsoft-Intel dominance of personal computing.
For Motorola, POWER looked like an unbelievable deal. It allowed them to sell a widely tested and powerful RISC CPU for little design cash on their own part. It also maintained ties with an important customer, Apple, and seemed to offer the possibility of adding IBM too, who might buy smaller versions from Motorola instead of making its own.
At this point Motorola already had its own RISC design in the form of the 88000 which was doing poorly in the market. Motorola was doing well with their 68000 family and the majority of the funding was focused on this. The 88000 effort was somewhat starved for resources.
However, the 88000 was already in production; Data General was shipping 88000 machines and Apple already had 88000 prototype machines running. The 88000 had also achieved a number of embedded design wins in telecom applications. If the new POWER one-chip version could be made bus-compatible at a hardware level with the 88000, that would allow both Apple and Motorola to bring machines to market far faster since they would not have to redesign their board architecture.
The result of these various requirements was the PowerPC (Performance Computing) specification. The differences between the earlier POWER instruction set and PowerPC is outlined in Appendix E of the manual for PowerPC ISA v.2.02.^[2]

Operating systems[edit]

When the first PowerPC products reached the market, they were met with enthusiasm. In addition to Apple, both IBM and the Motorola Computer Group offered systems built around the processors. Microsoft released Windows NT 3.51 for the architecture, which was used in Motorola's PowerPC servers, and Sun Microsystems offered a version of its Solaris OS. IBM ported its AIX Unix and planned a release of OS/2. Throughout the mid-1990s, PowerPC processors achieved benchmark test scores that matched or exceeded those of the fastest x86 CPUs.
Ultimately, demand for the new architecture on the desktop never truly materialized. Windows, OS/2 and Sun customers, faced with the lack of application software for the PowerPC, almost universally ignored the chip. The PowerPC versions of Solaris, OS/2, and Windows were discontinued after only a brief period on the market. Only on the Macintosh, due to Apple's persistence, did the PowerPC gain traction. To Apple, the performance of the PowerPC was a bright spot in the face of increased competition from Windows 95 and Windows NT-based PCs.
In parallel with the alliance between IBM and Motorola, both companies had development efforts underway internally. The PowerQUICC line was the result of this work inside Motorola. The 4xx series of embedded processors was underway inside IBM. The IBM embedded processor business grew to nearly 100 million dollars in revenue and attracted hundreds of customers.

Breakup of AIM[edit]

However, toward the close of the decade, manufacturing issues began plaguing the AIM alliance in much the same way they did Motorola, which consistently pushed back deployments of new processors for Apple and other vendors: first from Motorola in the 1990s with the PowerPC 7xx and 74xx processors, and IBM with the 64-bit PowerPC 970 processor in 2003. In 2004, Motorola exited the chip manufacturing business by spinning off its semiconductor business as an independent company called Freescale Semiconductor. Around the same time, IBM exited the 32-bit embedded processor market by selling its line of PowerPC products to Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (AMCC) and focusing on 64-bit chip designs, while maintaining its commitment of PowerPC CPUs toward game machine makers such as Nintendo's GameCube and Wii, Sony's PlayStation 3 and Microsoft's Xbox 360, of which the latter two both use 64-bit processors. In 2005 Apple announced they would no longer use PowerPC processors in their Apple Macintosh computers, favoring Intel-produced processors instead, citing the performance limitations of the chip for future personal computer hardware specifically related to heat generation and energy usage, as well as the inability of IBM to move the 970 processor to the 3 GHz range. The IBM-Freescale alliance was replaced by an open standards body called Power.org. Power.org operates under the governance of the IEEE with IBM continuing to use and evolve the PowerPC processor on game consoles and Freescale Semiconductor focusing solely on embedded devices.

A schematic showing the evolution of the different POWER, PowerPC and Power ISAs

IBM continues to develop PowerPC microprocessor cores for use in their application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) offerings. Many high volume applications embed PowerPC cores.
The PowerPC specification is now handled by Power.org where IBM, Freescale, and AMCC are members. PowerPC, Cell and POWER processors are now jointly marketed as the Power Architecture. Power.org released a unified ISA, combining POWER and PowerPC ISAs into the new Power ISA v.2.03 specification and a new reference platform for servers called PAPR (Power Architecture Platform Reference).
As of 2015^[update], IBM's POWER microprocessors, which implement the Power ISA, are used by IBM in their IBM Power Systems, running IBM i, AIX, and Linux.

Generations[edit]

Many PowerPC designs are named and labeled by their apparent technology generation. That began with the "G3" which was an internal project name inside AIM for the development of what would become the PowerPC 750 family.^[3] Apple popularized the term "G3" when they introduced Power Mac G3 and PowerBook G3 at an event at 10 November 1997. Motorola and Apple liked the moniker and used the term "G4" for the 7400 family introduced in 1998^[4][5] and the Power Mac G4 in 1999.
At the time of the G4 was launched, Motorola categorized all their PowerPC models (former, current and future) according to what generation they adhered to, even renaming the older 603e core "G2". Motorola had a G5 project that never came to fruition, but the name stuck and Apple reused it when the 970 family launched in 2003 even if those were designed and built by IBM.

PowerPC generations according to Motorola, ca 2000.^[6]

G1 - The 601, 500 and 800 family processors

G2 - The 602, 603, 604, 620, 8200 and 5000 families

G3 - The 750 and 8300 families

G4 - The 7400 and 8400* families

G5 - The 7500* and 8500 families (Motorola didn't use the G5 moniker after Apple usurped the name)

G6 - The 7600*

*) These designs didn't become real products.

Design features[edit]

Power Architecture
Made by Freescale
PowerPC e series (2006) e200 e300 e500 e600 e5500 e6500 Qor series (2008) QorIQ Qorivva
Made by IBM
POWER ISA (1990) POWER series (1990) POWER1 POWER2 POWER3 POWER4 POWER5 POWER6 POWER7 POWER8 POWER9 PowerPC series (1992) 6xx 4xx 7xx 74xx 970 A2 RS64 (1996) RAD series (1997) RAD6000 RAD750 RAD5500
IBM-Nintendo collaboration
Gekko Broadway Espresso
Other
Titan PWRficient Cell Xenon
Related links
OpenPOWER Foundation AIM alliance RISC Blue Gene Power.org PAPR PReP CHRP AltiVec more...
Cancelled in gray, historic in italic
v t e

The PowerPC is designed along RISC principles, and allows for a superscalar implementation. Versions of the design exist in both 32-bit and 64-bit implementations. Starting with the basic POWER specification, the PowerPC added:

• Support for operation in both big-endian and little-endian modes; the PowerPC can switch from one mode to the other at run-time (see below). This feature is not supported in the PowerPC 970.
• Single-precision forms of some floating point instructions, in addition to double-precision forms
• Additional floating point instructions at the behest of Apple
• A complete 64-bit specification that is backward compatible with the 32-bit mode
• A fused multiply–add
• A paged memory management architecture which is used extensively in server and PC systems.
• Addition of a new memory management architecture called Book-E, replacing the conventional paged memory management architecture for embedded applications. Book-E is application software compatible with existing PowerPC implementations, but needs minor changes to the operating system.

Some instructions present in the POWER instruction set were deemed too complex and were removed in the PowerPC architecture. Some removed instructions could be emulated by the operating system if necessary. The removed instructions are:

• Conditional moves
• Load and store instructions for the quad-precision floating-point data type
• String instructions.

Endian modes[edit]

Most PowerPC chips switch endianness via a bit in the MSR (machine state register), with a second bit provided to allow the OS to run with a different endianness. Accesses to the "inverted page table" (a hash table that functions as a TLB with off-chip storage) are always done in big-endian mode. The processor starts in big-endian mode.
In little-endian mode, the three lowest-order bits of the effective address are exclusive-ORed with a three bit value selected by the length of the operand. This is enough to appear fully little-endian to normal software. An operating system will see a warped view of the world when it accesses external chips such as video and network hardware. Fixing this warped view requires that the motherboard perform an unconditional 64-bit byte swap on all data entering or leaving the processor. Endianness thus becomes a property of the motherboard. An OS that operates in little-endian mode on a big-endian motherboard must both swap bytes and undo the exclusive-OR when accessing little-endian chips.
AltiVec operations, despite being 128-bit, are treated as if they were 64-bit. This allows for compatibility with little-endian motherboards that were designed prior to AltiVec.
An interesting side effect of this implementation is that a program can store a 64-bit value (the longest operand format) to memory while in one endian mode, switch modes, and read back the same 64-bit value without seeing a change of byte order. This will not be the case if the motherboard is switched at the same time.
Mercury Computer Systems and Matrox ran the PowerPC in little-endian mode. This was done so that PowerPC devices serving as co-processors on PCI boards could share data structures with host computers based on x86. Both PCI and x86 are little-endian. OS/2 and Windows NT for PowerPC ran the processor in little-endian mode while Solaris, AIX and Linux ran in big endian.^[7]
Some of IBM's embedded PowerPC chips use a per-page endianness bit. None of the previous applies to them.

Implementations[edit]

IBM PowerPC 604e 200 MHz

Custom PowerPC CPU from the Nintendo Wii video game console

The Freescale XPC855T Service Processor of a Sun SunFire V20z

The first implementation of the architecture was the PowerPC 601, released in 1992, based on the RSC, implementing a hybrid of the POWER1 and PowerPC instructions. This allowed the chip to be used by IBM in their existing POWER1-based platforms, although it also meant some slight pain when switching to the 2nd generation "pure" PowerPC designs. Apple continued work on a new line of Macintosh computers based on the chip, and eventually released them as the 601-based Power Macintosh on March 14, 1994.
IBM also had a full line of PowerPC based desktops built and ready to ship; unfortunately, the operating system which IBM had intended to run on these desktops—Microsoft Windows NT—was not complete by early 1993, when the machines were ready for marketing. Accordingly, and further because IBM had developed animosity toward Microsoft, IBM decided to rewrite OS/2 for the PowerPC. It took IBM two years to rewrite OS/2 for PowerPC, and by the time the operating system was ready, the market for OS/2 on PowerPC had evaporated. For this reason, the IBM PowerPC desktops did not ship, although the reference design (codenamed Sandalbow) based on the PowerPC 601 CPU was released as an RS/6000 model (Byte′s April 1994 issue included an extensive article about the Apple and IBM PowerPC desktops).
Apple, which also lacked a PowerPC based OS, took a different route. They rewrote the essential pieces of their Mac OS operating system for the PowerPC architecture, and further wrote a 680x0 emulator that could run 68k based applications and the parts of the OS that had not been rewritten.
The second generation was "pure" and included the "low end" PowerPC 603 and "high end" PowerPC 604. The 603 is notable due to its very low cost and power consumption. This was a deliberate design goal on Motorola's part, who used the 603 project to build the basic core for all future generations of PPC chips. Apple tried to use the 603 in a new laptop design but was unable due to the small 8 KiB level 1 cache. The 68000 emulator in the Mac OS could not fit in 8 KiB and thus slowed the computer drastically. The 603e solved this problem by having a 16 KiB L1 cache which allowed the emulator to run efficiently.
In 1993, developers at IBM's Essex Junction, Burlington, Vermont facility started to work on a version of the PowerPC that would support the Intel x86 instruction set directly on the CPU. While this was just one of several concurrent power architecture projects that IBM was working on, this chip began to be known inside IBM and by the media as the PowerPC 615. However, profitability concerns and rumors of performance issues in the switching between the x86 and native PowerPC instruction sets resulted in the project being canceled in 1995 after only a limited number of chips were produced for in-house testing. Despite the rumors, the switching process took only 5 cycles, or the amount of time needed for the processor to empty its instruction pipeline. Microsoft also aided the processor's demise by refusing to support the PowerPC mode.^[8]
The first 64-bit implementation was the PowerPC 620, but it appears to have seen little use because Apple didn't want to buy it and because, with its large die area, it was too costly for the embedded market. It was later and slower than promised, and IBM used their own POWER3 design instead, offering no 64-bit "small" version until the late-2002 introduction of the PowerPC 970. The 970 is a 64-bit processor derived from the POWER4 server processor. To create it, the POWER4 core was modified to be backward-compatible with 32-bit PowerPC processors, and a vector unit (similar to the AltiVec extensions in Motorola's 74xx series) was added.
IBM's RS64 processors are a family of chips implementing the "Amazon" variant of the PowerPC architecture. These processors are used in the RS/6000 and AS/400 computer families; the Amazon architecture includes proprietary extensions used by AS/400. The POWER4 and later POWER processors implement the Amazon architecture and replaced the RS64 chips in the RS/6000 and AS/400 families.
IBM developed a separate product line called the "4xx" line focused on the embedded market. These designs included the 401, 403, 405, 440, and 460. In 2004, IBM sold their 4xx product line to Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (AMCC). AMCC continues to develop new high performance products, partly based on IBM's technology, along with technology that was developed within AMCC. These products focus on a variety of applications including networking, wireless, storage, printing/imaging and industrial automation.
Numerically, the PowerPC is mostly found in controllers in cars. For the automotive market, Freescale Semiconductor initially offered many variations called the MPC5xx family such as the MPC555, built on a variation of the 601 core called the 8xx and designed in Israel by MSIL (Motorola Silicon Israel Limited). The 601 core is single issue, meaning it can only issue one instruction in a clock cycle. To this they add various bits of custom hardware, to allow for I/O on the one chip. In 2004, the next-generation four-digit 55xx devices were launched for the automotive market. These use the newer e200 series of PowerPC cores.
Networking is another area where embedded PowerPC processors are found in large numbers. MSIL took the QUICC engine from the MC68302 and made the PowerQUICC MPC860. This was a very famous processor used in many Cisco edge routers in the late 1990s. Variants of the PowerQUICC include the MPC850, and the MPC823/MPC823e. All variants include a separate RISC microengine called the CPM that offloads communications processing tasks from the central processor and has functions for DMA. The follow-on chip from this family, the MPC8260, has a 603e-based core and a different CPM.
Honda also uses PowerPC processors for ASIMO.^[9]
In 2003, BAE SYSTEMS Platform Solutions delivered the Vehicle-Management Computer for the F-35 fighter jet. This platform consists of dual PowerPCs made by Freescale in a triple redundant setup.^[10]

Operating systems[edit]

Operating systems that work on the PowerPC architecture are generally divided into those which are oriented toward the general-purpose PowerPC systems, and those oriented toward the embedded PowerPC systems.

Operating systems with native support[edit]

• AmigaOS 4
• Apple classic Mac OS starting with System 7.1.2
• BeOS R5 Pro (BeBox, Macintosh and clones)
  • Haiku, experimental^[11]
• IBM i; formerly named i5/OS, originally OS/400
• MorphOS
• Plan 9
• Inferno; from Bell Labs and maintained by Vita Nuova Holdings
• POSIX: Unix, Unix-like
  • Apple Mac OS X through Mac OS X Leopard 10.5.8
  • AIX
  • Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
    • FreeBSD, 32-bit and 64-bit ports^[12]
    • NetBSD, port designations for PowerPC systems
      • ofppc released^[13]
      • macppc released^[14]
      • evbppc released^[15]
      • pmppc released^[16]
      • mvmeppc released^[17]
      • bebox experimental^[18]
      • amigappc very experimental^[19]
    • OpenBSD, 32-bit macppc released port^[20]
  • Linux
    • CRUX PPC, with 32/64-bit releases^[21] supported through release 2.0.1.1. Support was dropped from subsequent releases.
    • Debian:
      • 32-bit powerpc a released port since potato^[22]
      • 64-bit big-endian ppc64^[23] in mostly stalled development
      • 64-bit little-endian ppc64le a released port since jessie
    • Fedora with 32/64-bit ppc releases^[24] up to version 12. PowerPC is a Fedora secondary architecture from Fedora 16 onwards.
    • Gentoo Linux, with 32-bit ppc releases^[25] and 64-bit ppc64 releases^[26]
    • MintPPC, support for Old World and New World 32/64-bit Macs based on Linux Mint LXDE and Debian^[27]
    • MkLinux, Mach-kernel based distribution for older Macs
    • OpenSUSE, Full support for Old World and New World PowerMacs (32/64-bit), PS3 Cell, IBM POWER systems through the release of 11.1. Support was dropped from subsequent releases.
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux, 32-bit ppc support was dropped following release of 5.11. Maintaining full support for 64-bit ppc64 in subsequent releases^[28]
    • Slackintosh, No longer under active development since 12.1^[29]
    • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
    • T2 SDE, full support for 32/64-bit, Apple and IBM PowerPC systems, PS3 Cell
    • Ubuntu, community supported for versions released after 6.10^[30]
    • Yellow Dog Linux, full support for 32/64-bit; PS3
  • Solaris 2.5.1 PowerPC edition on the PReP platform
    • OpenSolaris, experimental^[31][32]
• Windows NT 3.51 and 4.0
  • ReactOS PowerPC port no longer under active development^[33]
• CellOS for PlayStation 3

Embedded[edit]

• VxWorks
• Nucleus RTOS
• LiveDevices RTA-OSEKLive
• Microware OS-9
• MontaVista Linux
• Wind River Linux
• QNX
• Cisco IOS
• LynxOS
• PikeOS RTOS and virtualization platform from SYSGO
• ELinOS embedded Linux
• eCos
• RTEMS
• BlueCat embedded Linux from LynuxWorks
• Operating System Embedded (OSE) from ENEA AB
• Integrity
• Juniper Networks Junos router and switch OS
• FreeRTOS
• Deos
• SCIOPTA^[34] RTOS, certified according IEC61508, EN50128 and ISO26262

Licensees[edit]

Companies which have licensed the 64-bit POWER or 32-bit PowerPC from IBM are included:

32-bit PowerPC[edit]

• Altera, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) manufacturer
• Apple ('A' in original AIM alliance), switched to Intel starting early 2006
• Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (AMCC)
• Avago Technologies
• BAE Systems for RAD750 processor, used in spacecraft and planetary landers
• Cisco Systems for routers
• Culturecom for V-Dragon CPU
• Exponential Technology
• Kumyoung used in karaoke player CPU (Muzen and Vivaus series)
• LSI Logic
• Motorola (now Freescale Semiconductor), as part of the original AIM alliance
• Rapport for Kilocore 1025 core CPU
• Samsung
• STMicroelectronics for the MPC55xx series
• Xilinx, FPGA maker, embedded PowerPC in the Virtex-II Pro, Virtex-4, and Virtex-5 FPGAs

64-bit PowerPC[edit]

• P.A. Semi
• Microsoft
• Hindustan Computers Ltd.
• Sony
• Freescale Semiconductor
• Toshiba

Gaming consoles[edit]

Main article: PowerPC based game consoles

PowerPC processors have been used in a number of video game consoles:

• Bandai for its Bandai Pippin, designed by Apple Computer (1995)
• Microsoft, for the Xbox 360 processor, Xenon^[35]
• Nintendo for the GameCube,^[35] Wii, and Wii U processors
• Sony and Toshiba, for the Cell processor (inside the PlayStation 3 and other devices)^[35]

Desktop computers[edit]

The Power architecture is currently used in the following desktop computers:

• Sam440ep, Sam440epFlex, based on an AMCC 440ep SoC, built by ACube Systems
• Sam460ex, based on an AMCC 460ex SoC, built by ACube Systems
• Nemo motherboard based around PA6T-1682M found in the AmigaOne X1000 from A-EON Technology
• Cyrus motherboard based around Freescale Qoriq P5020 found in the forthcoming AmigaOne X5000 from A-EON Technology
• Tabor motherboard based around Freescale QorIQ P1022 found in the forthcoming AmigaOne A1222 from A-EON Technology

Embedded applications[edit]

The Power architecture is currently used in the following embedded applications:

• National Instruments Smart Cameras for machine vision
• Mars rover Curiosity

See also[edit]

• Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP)
• List of PowerPC processors
• Power Architecture
• Power Architecture Platform Reference (PAPR)
• PowerOpen Environment
• PowerPC Reference Platform (PReP)
• RTEMS real-time operating system
• Vasm, a free assembler

References[edit]

1. Jump up ^ "Tech Files Columns, 1987-1990". 
2. Jump up ^ PowerPC User Instruction Set Architecture Book I, version 2.02
3. Jump up ^ A G3 PowerPC superscalar low-power microprocessor
4. Jump up ^ G4 Is First PowerPC With AltiVec - Due Mid-1999, Motorola’s Next Chip Aims at Macintosh, Networking
5. Jump up ^ PowerPC G4 Architecture White Paper
6. Jump up ^ Fact Sheet - Motorola PowerPC Processor
7. Jump up ^ OS/2 for PowerPC Tidbits
8. Jump up ^ "Microsoft killed the PowerPC 615". The Register. October 1, 1998. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
9. Jump up ^ "Latest robots fill helper, entertainer roles". EETimes.com. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
10. Jump up ^ "Lockheed Martin F-35 Press Release" (Press release). Lockheedmartin.com. May 16, 2003. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
11. Jump up ^ Haiku-files.org
12. Jump up ^ "FreeBSD/ppc Project". Freebsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
13. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/ofppc". Netbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
14. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/macppc". Netbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
15. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/evbppc". Netbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
16. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/pmppc". Netbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
17. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/mvmeppc". Netbsd.org. February 27, 2002. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
18. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/bebox". Netbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
19. Jump up ^ "NetBSD/amigappc". Netbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
20. Jump up ^ "OpenBSD/macppc". Openbsd.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
21. Jump up ^ "CRUX PPC GNU/Linux Project". Cruxppc.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
22. Jump up ^ "PowerPC Port". Debian. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
23. Jump up ^ "Debian PPC64 Port". Debian. Retrieved July 4, 2012. 
24. Jump up ^ "Installable Live CD". Fedora Project. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
25. Jump up ^ "Gentoo Linux PowerPC Development". Gentoo.org. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
26. Jump up ^ "Gentoo Linux PPC64 Development". Gentoo.org. Retrieved July 4, 2012. 
27. Jump up ^ "MintPPC". Retrieved October 3, 2010. 
28. Jump up ^ "Chapter 1. Architectures". access.redhat.com. Retrieved 2015-12-06. 
29. Jump up ^ "Slackintosh Linux Project". slackintosh.workaround.ch. Retrieved 2015-12-06. 
30. Jump up ^ "PowerPCFAQ - Ubuntu Wiki". Wiki.ubuntu.com. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
31. Jump up ^ "Embedded Solaris on PowerPC". Research.sun.com. June 14, 2006. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
32. Jump up ^ "Solaris PowerPC Port at OpenSolaris.org". Opensolaris.org. October 2, 2006. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2009. 
33. Jump up ^ "ReactOS ports - ReactOS Wiki". www.reactos.org. Retrieved 2015-12-06. 
34. Jump up ^ http://www.sciopta.com SCIOPTA.
35. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b c} "POWER To The People". IBM. March 30, 2004. Archived from the original on 2013-02-04. 

Notes[edit]

• May, Cathy; et al. (1994). The PowerPC Architecture: A Specification for A New Family of RISC Processors (2nd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 1-55860-316-6. 
• Hoxey, Steve (editor) et al. The PowerPC Compiler Writer's Guide. Warthman Associates. ISBN 0-9649654-0-2.
• Motorola. Programming Environments Manual for 32-bit Implementations of the PowerPC Architecture, a 640-page PDF manual. P/N MPCFPE32B/AD.
• IBM (2000). Book E: Enhanced PowerPC Architecture (3rd ed.)
• Duntemann, Jeff; Pronk, Ron (1994). Inside the PowerPC Revolution. Coriolis Group Books. ISBN 1-883577-04-7. 
• PowerPC Architecture, an IBM article giving POWER and PowerPC history

External links[edit]

• PPC Overview - an overview of PowerPC processors
• OS/2 Warp, PowerPC Edition review by Michal Necasek 2005
• PowerPC Architecture History Diagram
• An (almost) complete list of any operating system ever existed on the PowerPC architecture

[hide] v t e Motorola-Freescale processors and microcontrollers
Processors Industrial control unit 14500 6800 family 6800 6809 see also: Hitachi 6309 68HC11 68HC08 68HC05 68000 family 68000 68008 68010 68012 68020 68030 68040 68060 ColdFire DragonBall Embedded system 68k-variants 68EC000 68EC020 68EC030 68EC040 68LC040 68EC060 68LC060 88000 MC88100 MC88110 Floating-point coprocessors 68881, 68882 Memory management unit 68451 68851 PowerPC family PPC e200 PPC 6xx/e300 PPC 7xx PPC e500 PPC 74xx/e600 PPC e5500 PowerQUICC QorIQ PPC e6500 ARM i.MX
Microcontrollers 6801/6803 6802 6804 68HC05 68HC08 68HC11 68HC12 68HC16 683xx M·CORE MPC5xx PowerQUICC DSP568xx DSPcontroller PowerPC 5000 i.MX

[show] v t e RISC-based processor architectures
Active	Altera Nios II Analog Devices Blackfin ARC ARM Atmel AVR Atmel AVR32 DLX eSi-RISC M32R LatticeMico8 LatticeMico32 Meta MIPS OpenRISC Power PowerPC RISC-V S+core Sunway SPARC Renesas SuperH Unicore Xilinx MicroBlaze Xilinx Picoblaze XMOS XCore XS1
Historical	AMD 29000 Apollo PRISM Berkeley RISC Clipper CRISP DEC Alpha DEC Prism Intel i860 Intel i960 Motorola 88000 PA-RISC ROMP

[show] v t e Microcontrollers
Main	Single-board microcontroller Special function register
Architectures	6502 6800 8051 ARM AVR C166 FR-V PIC RX TriCore
Families	4-bit TLCS-47 TMS 1000 S1C6x μCOM-4 MARC4 8-bit AVR PIC10/12/16/17/18 COP8 MCS-48/51 Z8 eZ80 68HC08/11 H8 TLCS-870 XC800 740 16-bit C166 CR16/CR16C H8S MSP430 PIC24/dsPIC R8C RL78 TLCS-900 XC 2000 XE166 68HC12/16 32-bit Am29000 ARM AVR32 ColdFire CRX FR FR-V H8SX M32R MPC5xx PIC32 PowerPC Propeller TLCS-900 TriCore V850 64-bit PowerPC64 MIPS64
Interfaces	Programming In-circuit serial programming (ICSP) In-system programming (ISP) Program and Debug Interface (PDI) High-voltage serial programming (HVSP) High voltage parallel programming (HVPP) Bootloader ROM aWire Debugging debugWIRE Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) In-circuit debugging (ICD) In-circuit emulator (ICE) In-target probe (ITP)
Simulators	gpsim
Lists	Common microcontrollers By manufacturer Freescale Intel
See also	Embedded system Programmable logic controller

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Categories:

• 1991 introductions
• PowerPC microprocessors
• Power Architecture
• Instruction set architectures